Proof
Definition
Proof refers to absolute certainty that a claim is true.
Correct Scientific Usage
Scientists typically avoid claiming 'proof.' Instead, well-established evidence that supports or refutes hypotheses may be referred to as 'strong evidence' with 'high confidence.' Conclusions remain open to revision as new data emerge.
Common Misunderstandings
Scientific findings are often described as 'proof,' implying finality. In reality, even strong evidence reflects current understanding, not immutable truth.
Why It Matters
Expecting proof from science sets unrealistic standards and contributes to mistrust when conclusions change. Science progresses by refinement, not certainty.
References
- Controversy and debate: the nature of science, Nature Cell Biology Editorials
- The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Karl Popper