Glossary Scientific language is often used in public conversations in ways that sound precise, but aren’t. This glossary explains commonly used terms as they’re used in science—and how they’re often used elsewhere. A B C E G M N O P R S T A Animal Model B Backed by Science Biomarker Body of Evidence C Clinical Outcome Clinical Practice Guidelines Clinically Proven Comorbidity Confidence Interval Consensus Panel Correlation vs. Causation E Effect Size Etiology Evidence G Generalizability M Meta-Analysis N Null Hypothesis O Observational Study Ortholog P P-Value Preclinical Study Proof Publication Bias R Randomized Controlled Trial Replication Reproducibility Risk-Benefit Assessment S Scientific Consensus Selection Bias Statistical Power Statistical Significance Study Population vs. Target Population Subgroup Analysis Surrogate Endpoint Systematic Review T Translational Research ↑ Back to Top
