Statistical Power
Definition
Statistical power is the probability that a study will detect an effect if one truly exists.
Correct Scientific Usage
Power depends on sample size, effect size, and variability. Adequately powered studies reduce false negatives and produce more reliable estimates.
Common Misunderstandings
Statistical significance is often confused with power. A statistically significant result from a low-powered study may still be unreliable.
Why It Matters
Low-powered studies are more likely to produce exaggerated or non-replicable findings, especially in early research.
References
- Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience, Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Basic introduction to statistics in medicine, Surgical Infections